Edward I "Longshanks" King of England

     Edward I "Longshanks" King of England was born on 17 June 1239 in Westminster Place, London, England.^{8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9} He was the son of Henry III King of England and Eleanor of Provence.^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} On 18 October 1254 in Abbey of Las Huelgas, Burgos, Castile, Spain, Edward married first Eleanor of Castile, daughter of Ferdinand III "the Saint" King of Castile and Léon and Jeanne de Dammartin Countess of Ponthieu.^{1,2,3,4,5,6,10,7,9} Edward I "Longshanks" King of England was crowned by Robert Kilwardby, Archbishop of Canterbury. in 19 August 1274 at Westminster Abbey, London, England.^4,5,9 In 1277, he began a campaign to subdue Wales and defeat Llywelyn ap Gruffydd. The campaign lasted until Llywelyn's death in 1282. Wales was divided into shires and English law was established.⁴ When Alexander III, King of Scotland died without heirs, Edward intervened as feudal lord. Margaret Maid of Norway and heir to the throne of Scotland, then a child, was betrothed to the future Edward II, and sailed from Norway to England. She died in 1290 before reaching England leaving the throne empty. Edward chose John Baliol from among thirteen candidates as King of the Scots. While John Balioli did homage to Edward the Scots resisted English domination.⁴ In 1296, Edward invaded Scotland and soundly defeated the Scots under Baliol. Edward forced Balliol to abdicate The Scottish barons did homage to Edward as their king. William Wallace incited a rebellion in 1297, defeated the English army at Stirling, and harassed England's northern counties. The next year, Edward defeated Wallace at the Battle of Falkirk but encountered continued resistance until Wallace's capture and execution in 1304.⁴ On 10 September 1299 in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England, Edward married second Marguerite of France, daughter of Philip III "the Bold" King of France and Marie of Brabant. Von Redlich (1941) gives their marrage date as 9 September 1299.^{8,1,2,3,4,5,11,7} Robert the Bruce revolted in 1306 against England ultimately defeating Edward II at Bannockburn.⁴ Edward I "Longshanks" King of England died on Thursday, 7 July 1307 in Burgh-on-Sands, Cumberland, England, at age 68 years and 20 days.^{8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9} He was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, England.^3,4,5